Development of vesicovaginal fistula caused by vaginal adenosis: A case report

Introduction: Vaginal adenosis is one of the rare diseases of the vagina, and almost all patients are asymptomatic. We report a case of spontaneous vaginal adenosis, which caused vesicovaginal fistula. Case Presentation: Our patient was a 25-year-old Japanese woman. She was admitted to our hospital, and her chief complaint was continuous urine flow from the vagina. We found a tumor with a vesicovaginal fistula in her vagina. Subsequent cytological analysis of vaginal smears showed a normal vaginal mucosa. The patient underwent tumor resection and a fistula patch. Pathological diagnosis was adenosis of the vagina, even though the patient had no known history of intrauterine diethylstilbestrol exposure or Müllerian developmental abnormalities. Conclusion: The clinical course of our case was a malignant tumor, which invasively bored a hole in the vaginal wall forming a vesicovaginal fistula, even though it was a benign lesion. Therefore, overzealous treatment should be avoided in this case.